In his work, Daily Life in a Crumbling Empire: The Absorption of Russia into the World Economy, sociologist David Lempert hypothesizes that the hammer and sickle was a secular replacement for the patriarchal cross. On 6 July 1923, the 2nd session of the Central Executive Committee (CIK) adopted the emblem. The winning designer was Yevgeny Ivanovich Kamzolkin (1885–1957). It originally featured a sword, but Lenin strongly objected, disliking the militaristic connotations. The winning design was a hammer and sickle on top of a globe in rays of the sun, surrounded by a wreath of grain and under a five-pointed star, with the inscription " proletarians of the world, unite!" in six languages ( Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Georgian, Armenian and Azerbaijani). In 1917, Vladimir Lenin and Anatoly Lunacharsky held a competition to create a Soviet emblem. That was unveiled in 1914 and flown by the Irish Citizen Army during the 1916 Easter Rising. A sword is forged into the plough to symbolise the end of war with the establishment of a Socialist International. James Connolly, who co-founded the Irish Citizen Army with Jack White, said the significance of the banner was that a free Ireland would control its own destiny from the plough to the stars. The Starry Plough banner was originally used by the Irish Citizen Army, a socialist republican workers' militia. In Ireland, the symbol of the plough remains in use. The Plough flag from 1914 and flown during the Easter RisingĪn alternative example is the combination of a hammer and a plough, with the same meaning (unity of peasants and workers). One example of use prior to its political instrumentalization by the Soviet Union is found in Chilean currency circulating since 1894. The combination of hammer and sickle symbolised the union of farmers and construction workers. History The Chilean peso coin used the hammer and sickle symbol between 18 Worker symbolism įarm and worker instruments and tools have long been used as symbols for proletarian struggle. Some countries have imposed bans on communist symbols, where the display of hammer and sickle is prohibited. The hammer and sickle remains commonplace in self-declared socialist states, such as China, Cuba, North Korea, Laos, and Vietnam, but also some former Soviet republics following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, such as Belarus and Russia. It was taken up by many communist movements around the world, some with local variations. Īfter World War I (from which Russia withdrew in 1917) and the Russian Civil War, the hammer and sickle became more widely used as a symbol for labor within the Soviet Union and for international proletarian unity. It was first adopted during the Russian Revolution at the end of World War I, the hammer representing workers and the sickle representing the peasants. The hammer and sickle ( Unicode: U+262D ☭ ) is a communist symbol representing proletarian solidarity between agricultural and industrial workers. For other uses, see Hammer and sickle (disambiguation).
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